Ghana’s coastal erosion crisis: Urgent call for protectionist measures

Mr. Yiadom Boakye Akoto, Head of the Coastal Engineering Division at the Ghana Hydrological Authority (GHA), has highlighted the urgent need for protective measures along 290 kilometers of Ghana’s coastline to safeguard lives and property. Over the years, coastal erosion has severely impacted various regions, disrupting local economies and fishing activities.

Ghana’s coastline stretches approximately 550 kilometers, with different levels of vulnerability to erosion. Mr. Akoto pointed out that while around 180 kilometers are stable with low vulnerability, the remaining 370 kilometers are at significant risk. Out of this at-risk portion, approximately 80 kilometers are already protected, leaving 290 kilometers still in need of intervention.

“Critical areas like Aboadze, Shama, Anlo, Winneba, Mumford, Kokrobite, Dansoman, Tema Newtown, La, Regional Maritime University, Ningo Prampram, and the eastern stretch from the Lower Volta Delta to Aflao are all part of the 370 kilometers requiring protection,” Mr. Akoto noted during a media forum organized by the Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA).

The rising sea levels and coastal erosion, largely driven by climate change, pose natural and man-made threats. Sand winning, in particular, has exacerbated the situation by depleting the natural sand that acts as a barrier against erosion. “The daily winning of sand at the shores erodes the natural protection of the coast, leading to increased erosion,” Mr. Akoto explained. “Having enough sediment along the shore provides the right slope for waves to break calmly, but the absence of sand results in erosion.”

To address these challenges, Mr. Akoto emphasized the need for effective collaboration among stakeholders and increased funding for coastal protection projects. He highlighted the severe economic and social consequences of failing to act, including the potential loss of entire communities, holiday resorts, and properties along the coast.

Mr. Akoto called for an increase in public-private partnerships to leverage expertise, resources, and funding for implementing effective measures. He also urged local authorities to enact bye-laws to protect the coastline and warned the public against practices that endanger coastal areas.

The Ghana Hydrological Authority is tasked with planning, designing, executing, operating, and maintaining flood control mechanisms, coastal engineering works, drainage improvement projects, and hydrological operations across the country. Mr. Akoto reaffirmed the Authority’s commitment to focusing on the remaining 290 kilometers of coastline that urgently need protection, ensuring a collaborative approach to safeguard Ghana’s coastal regions.